The Deccan famine of 1630–1632 occurred during the reign of Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan and was marked by severe crop failures leading to widespread hunger, disease, and displacement across the region. This catastrophic event resulted in the deaths of approximately 7.4 million people, with around three million fatalities in Gujarat within ten months ending in October 1631, and an additional million deaths around Ahmednagar. The famine was exacerbated by military campaigns in Malwa and the Deccan, as conflicts with local forces disrupted society and further hindered access to food.