Following the reestablishment of Chiang Mai in 1797, Kawila, alongside other Lanna leaders, adopted the strategy of "putting vegetables into baskets, putting people into towns"^[21] to initiate conflicts and bolster their manpower shortage. To rebuild, leaders like Kawila initiated policies to forcefully resettle people from surrounding regions into Lanna. By 1804, the removal of Burmese influence permitted the Lanna leaders to expand, and they targeted regions like Kengtung and Chiang Hung Sipsongpanna for their campaigns. The aim was not just territorial conquest but also to repopulate their devastated lands. This resulted in major resettlements, with significant populations, like the Tai Khuen from Kengtung, being moved to areas like Chiang Mai and Lamphun. Lanna's northern campaigns largely ended by 1816 after Kawila's death. It's believed that between 50,000 to 70,000 people were relocated during this period,^[21] and these people, due to their linguistic and cultural similarities, were considered part of the 'Lanna cultural zone'.