The Baiyue (Hundred Yue, or simply Yue), were various ethnic groups who inhabited the regions of Southern China and Northern Vietnam during the 1st millennium BCE and 1st millennium CE.^[19] They were known for their short hair, body tattoos, fine swords, and naval prowess. During the Warring States period, the word "Yue" referred to the State of Yue in Zhejiang. The later kingdoms of Minyue in Fujian and Nanyue in Guangdong were both considered Yue states. Meacham notes that, during the Zhou and Han dynasties, the Yue lived in a vast territory from Jiangsu to Yunnan,^[20] while Barlow indicates that the Luoyue occupied the southwest Guangxi and northern Vietnam.^[21] The Book of Han describes the various Yue tribes and peoples can be found from the regions of Kuaiji to Jiaozhi.^[22] The Yue tribes were gradually displaced or assimilated into Chinese culture as the Han empire expanded into what is now Southern China and Northern Vietnam.^{[23 ]}