The Holodomor, or Ukrainian Famine, was a man-made famine that occurred in Soviet Ukraine from 1932 to 1933, part of a broader Soviet famine affecting grain-producing regions. It resulted in millions of deaths among Ukrainians. While it is agreed that the famine was man-made, opinions differ on whether it constitutes a genocide. Some argue it was an effort by Joseph Stalin to crush a Ukrainian independence movement, while others view it as a result of Soviet industrialization and collectivization policies. A middle view suggests initial unintentional causes were later exploited to target Ukrainians, punishing them for nationalism and resistance to collectivization.

Ukraine, a major grain producer, faced disproportionately high grain quotas, exacerbating the famine's severity there. Death toll estimates vary, with early figures suggesting 7 to 10 million victims, but recent scholarship estimates 3.5 to 5 million. The famine's impact remains significant in Ukraine.

Since 2006, Ukraine, 33 other UN member states, the European Parliament, and 35 US states have recognized the Holodomor as a genocide against Ukrainians by the Soviet government.