The Kingdom of Tungning was a dynastic maritime state that governed parts of southwestern Taiwan and the Penghu islands from 1661 to 1683. It was founded by Koxinga (Zheng Chenggong) who renamed Zeelandia to Anping and Provintia to Chikan^{[40 ]}after seizing control of Taiwan from the Dutch. On 29 May 1662, Chikan was renamed to "Ming Eastern Capital" (Dongdu Mingjing). Later "Eastern Capital" (Dongdu) was renamed Dongning (Tungning), which means "Eastern Pacification,"^{[41 ]}

Recognized as the first state in Taiwanese history to be predominantly ethnic Han, its maritime influence extended across major sea routes in both China Seas, with trade connections reaching from Japan to Southeast Asia. The kingdom served as a base for loyalists of the Ming dynasty, which was being overtaken by the Qing dynasty in mainland China. During its rule, Taiwan experienced sinicization as the Zheng dynasty aimed to fortify their resistance against the Qing. The kingdom existed until its incorporation into the Qing dynasty in 1683.