Raja Hijau, the Green Queen, ascended to the throne of Patani in 1584 due to a lack of male heirs. She acknowledged Siamese authority and adopted the title of peracau. Under her rule, which lasted 32 years, Patani prospered, becoming a cultural hub and a prominent trade center. Chinese, Malay, Siamese, Portuguese, Japanese, Dutch, and English merchants frequented Patani, contributing to its economic growth. Chinese merchants, in particular, played a pivotal role in the rise of Patani as a trading center, and European traders viewed Patani as a gateway to the Chinese market.

Following Raja Hijau's reign, Patani was ruled by a succession of queens, including Raja Biru (the Blue Queen), Raja Ungu (the Purple Queen), and Raja Kuning (the Yellow Queen). Raja Biru incorporated the Kelantan Sultanate into Patani, while Raja Ungu formed alliances and resisted Siamese dominance, leading to conflicts with Siam. Raja Kuning's reign marked a decline in Patani's power and influence. She sought reconciliation with the Siamese, but her rule was marked by political instability and a drop in trade.

By the mid-17th century, the power of the Patani queens had waned, and political disorder plagued the region. Raja Kuning was allegedly deposed by the Raja of Kelantan in 1651, ushering in the Kelantanese dynasty in Patani. The region faced rebellions and invasions, most notably from Ayutthaya. By the end of the 17th century, political unrest and lawlessness discouraged foreign merchants from trading with Patani, leading to its decline as described in Chinese sources.