Christianization of the Magyars
HungaryIn the late 10th century CE, the emerging Hungarian state, situated at the border of Christendom, began embracing Christianity due to the influence of German Catholic missionaries from East Francia. Between 945 and 963, key leaders of the Hungarian Principality, specifically the gyula and the horka, converted to Christianity. A significant milestone in Hungary's Christianization occurred in 973 when Géza I, along with his household, was baptized, establishing a formal peace with Holy Roman Emperor Otto I. Despite his baptism, Géza I retained many pagan beliefs and practices, a reflection of his upbringing by his pagan father, Taksony. The foundation of the first Hungarian Benedictine monastery by Prince Géza in 996 marked a further consolidation of Christianity in Hungary. Under Géza’s rule, Hungary decisively shifted from a nomadic society to a settled Christian kingdom, a transformation underscored by Hungary's participation in the Battle of Lechfeld, which occurred shortly before Géza's reign in 955.