Hosni Mubarak's presidency in Egypt, lasting from 1981 to 2011, was characterized by a period of stability, yet marked by autocratic governance and limited political freedoms. Mubarak ascended to power following the assassination of Anwar Sadat, and his rule was initially welcomed as a continuation of Sadat's policies, particularly the peace with Israel and alignment with the West.

Under Mubarak, Egypt maintained its peace treaty with Israel and continued its close relationship with the United States, receiving significant military and economic aid. Domestically, Mubarak's regime focused on economic liberalization and modernization, which led to growth in some sectors but also widened the gap between rich and poor. His economic policies favored privatization and foreign investment, but were often criticized for fostering corruption and benefiting an elite minority.

Mubarak's rule was also marked by a crackdown on dissent and restriction of political freedoms. His government was notorious for human rights abuses, including the suppression of Islamist groups, censorship, and police brutality. Mubarak consistently used emergency laws to extend his control, restricting political opposition and maintaining power through rigged elections.

The latter years of Mubarak's rule saw increased public dissatisfaction due to economic issues, unemployment, and the lack of political freedom. This culminated in the 2011 Arab Spring, a series of anti-government protests, which demanded his resignation. The protests, characterized by massive demonstrations across the country, eventually led to Mubarak's resignation in February 2011, ending his 30-year rule. His resignation marked a significant moment in Egypt's history, representing the public's rejection of autocratic rule and a desire for democratic reform. However, the post-Mubarak era has been fraught with challenges and continued political instability.